Revoluções na Odontologia / Revoluciones en la Odontología

Quais as mudanças e descobertas que revolucionaram a Odontologia ao longo do tempo? A adesão, osseointegração, ortodontia e a tecnologia CAD/CAM estão entre essas grandes mudanças. Neste primeiro editorial de 2023 trazemos essa reflexão para o período que se inicia.

What changes and discoveries have revolutionized dentistry over time? Adhesion, osseointegration, orthodontics and CAD/CAM technology are among these major changes. In this first editorial of 2023, we bring this reflection to the period that begins.

Novos materiais livres de metal para confecção de próteses monolíticas em sistema CAD/CAM / New metal-free materials for making monolithic prostheses in CAD/CAM system

A busca por naturalidade dos procedimentos restauradores em reabilitação oral tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento de vários tipos de materiais livres de metal ("metal free"). A confecção de próteses com estes sistemas totalmente puros, mostra-se como excelente alternativa restauradora, com potencial estético superior às próteses metalocerâmicas. É indiscutível que a tecnologia CAD/CAM (Computer-aided design/ Computer-aided manufacturing) vem se tornando realidade nos consultórios e laboratórios de Prótese Dentária de todo o mundo. Esta tecnologia possibilita o uso de cerâmicas e polímeros na fabricação de próteses, com qualidade e resistência mecânica satisfatórias, padronizando os processos, reduzindo custos e tempo clínico-laboratorial. A grande diversidade destes novos materiais restauradores livres de metal, com suas distintas propriedades estéticas e mecânicas, faz com que seja necessária uma seleção racional desses materiais, a fim de se alcançar a longevidade desejada do tratamento protético reabilitador. Dentre estes materiais, destacam-se as cerâmicas vítreas, as zircônias monolíticas, as cerâmicas infiltradas por polímeros e as resinas nanocerâmicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os dados mais relevantes e atuais sobre as propriedades destes novos materiais, os sistemas disponíveis, suas indicações, limitações e seu uso associado com a tecnologia CAD/CAM. Esta revisão consistiu em uma pesquisa eletrônica da literatura publicada nos últimos 15 anos, nas bases de dados: Medline/Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Bireme, Lilacs e BBO, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores do MESH: [CADCAM AND restorative materials AND monolitic] OR [Monolitic CAD-CAM restorative materials]. Concluiu-se que os materiais monolíticos obtidos pelo sistema CAD/CAM foram desenvolvidos para oferecer uma melhor adaptação e durabilidade das peças, com ótimas taxas de sobrevida e redução de tempo clínico e laboratorial, oferecendo ao paciente conforto, sessões clínicas mais curtas e restaurações de qualidade superior aos sistemas convencionais. Todos os materiais citados nesta revisão apresentaram vantagens e desvantagens, cabendo ao profissional selecionar o melhor material para cada situação clínica em específico, levando em conta os prós e contras de cada um(AU)

The naturalness of restorative procedures in oral rehabilitation has contributed to the development of various types of metal-free materials ("metal free"). The manufacture of prostheses with these totally pure systems is shown to be an excellent restorative alternative, with an aesthetic potential superior to metal-ceramic prostheses. It is indisputable that CAD/ CAM (Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing) technology is becoming a reality in dental practices and laboratories around the world. This possibility of manufacturing ceramic materials and polymers in strength manufacturing, with strength technology, manufacturing processes, standardizing quality clinical time, higher cost and clinical time. These new aesthetic properties of metal, these dif ferences with aesthetic and mechanical characteristics, these differences are necessary for a rational selection of materials with a choice of rehabilitative prosthetic treatment. Among these materials, they stand out as glass ceramics, as monolithic zirconia, as polymer-infiltrated ceramics and as nanoceramic resins. The purpose of working with your materials, and their associated use with CAD/CAM technology. This review consists of an electronic search of the literature published in the last 15 years, in the following databases: Medline/ Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Bireme, Lilacs and BBO, using the following MESH descriptors: [CAD-CAM AND restorative materials AND monolithic] OR [CADCAM monolithic restorative materials]. It is concluded that the CAD/CAM materials were designed with comfort for a better adaptation and durability of the parts, with excellent survival rates and reduction of clinical and laboratory time, offering the patient, shorter clinical sessions and superior quality restorations to the systems conventional. All those mentioned in this review present advantages and advantages of each material, and it is up to the professional to select the best one for each specific clinic, in each situation of materials and against indications of materials(AU)

Surface roughness, gloss and sequential polishing times of various chairside computer aided design/manufacturing restorative materials / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of polishing on surface roughness, gloss and optimum polishing time of various computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorative materials and to provide a proper polishing procedure for dental clinicians.@*METHODS@#Five CAD/CAM restorative materials including vita mark Ⅱ (VM), vita enamic (VE), lava ultimate (LU), shofu block HC (SB) and brilliant crios (BC) were selected. Six specimens were prepared for each material. The specimen was fixed on a custom-made polishing apparatus and sequentially polished with Sof-Lex poli-shing disk system including medium disk (with abrasive particle sizes of 10-40 μm), fine disk (with abrasive particle sizes of 3-9 μm) and superfine disk (with abrasive particle sizes of 1-7 μm). Surface roughness (Ra value) and gloss value were measured every 10 seconds until the numerical values were no longer changed. Then the surface roughness, gloss value and polishing time were recorded and the specimen was moved to the next sequence of polishing. Finally, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0.@*RESULTS@#For all the restorative materials, the Ra values were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) and the gloss values were significantly increased (P < 0.05) after sequentially polishing with Sof-Lex disks. No significant difference was detected among Ra values of all the tested materials (P>0.05) after sequential polishing. The gloss values of LU [(68.1±4.5) GU] and BC [(68.2±5.8) GU] were significantly higher than those of VE [(48.1±8.1) GU] and BC [(53.2±5.8) GU], P < 0.05. To obtain optimal surface smoothness, VM cost the shortest polishing time [40 (30, 55) s] among all the restorative materials (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the total polishing time were observed among VE [140 (135, 145) s], LU [130 (120, 140) s], SB [140 (130, 150) s] and BC [130 (120, 140) s], P>0.05.@*CONCLUSION@#The surface roughness of all CAD/CAM restorative materials were decreased after sequentially polishing with Sof-Lex disk system. To obtain the smoothest surface, different types of restorative materials might need different polishing times using Sof-Lex polishing disk system. For ceramic restorative material VM, we recommend polishing only with medium disk for 40 s. For hybrid restorative material VE and composite restorative material LU, SB and BC, we recommend polishing with medium disk, fine disk and superfine disk in sequence for 130-140 s in total.

Restorative materials for restorations of non-carious cervical lesions: an overview

Objective: To review the available scientific literature on the restorative treatment of non-carious cervical lesions; in particular, the restorative materials that present optimal performance in this type of clinical situation. Methods: A literature review was performed using Pubmed search engine with the aim of determining the ideal restorative material for restorations of non-carious cervical lesions. Results: Beautifil II (Shofu INC.) restorative material showed satisfactory results in terms of fracture resistance, flexural strength and excellent aesthetics, in addition to components that act as anti-cariogenic, anti-plaque and oral pH balance. The Clearfil SE Bond adhesive (Kuraray NORITAKE) showed in clinical research the highest bond strength rate compared to other adhesive systems available in the dental market. Conclusion: Non-carious cervical lesions are multifactorial lesions that require the professional knowledge to conduct the treatment effectively. The Shofu Beautifil II showed the best results in fracture resistance, flexural strength and excellent aesthetics, it has anticariogenic potential, anti-plaque bacteria and contributes to the oral pH balance. The Clearfil SE Bond adhesive showed the highest retention rate among its competitors.

Microfiltración coronal según materiales de restauración temporal empleados en endodoncia / Coronal microleakage according to the temporary restorative materials used in endodontic treatment

RESUMEN Introducción: La microfiltración coronal causada por los materiales de restauración temporal es considerada una de las causas del fracaso de los tratamientos endodónticos. A raíz de ello, en los últimos años se ha buscado crear un material de restauración temporal que sea capaz de evitar este problema. Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la microfiltración coronal de un cemento experimental y cuatro materiales de restauración temporal usados en endodoncia. Métodos: Se realizaron cavidades clase I en 90 premolares, divididos en 10 grupos (n= 9) y evaluados en dos periodos de tiempo (1 y 2 semanas). Se realizó la elaboración del cemento experimental, posteriormente se llevó a cabo el sellado coronal de las piezas dentales con el cemento experimental, Clip F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) y Coltosol® F. Los especímenes fueron sumergidos en tinta china (Pelikan) durante 1 y 2 semanas. Se evaluó la microfiltración en la interfase pared dentinaria-restauración temporal utilizando un esteromicroscopio (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ versión 2.0.0). La medición se realizó en milímetros en el programa LAS EZ versión 2.0.0. Resultados: Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) al comparar la microfiltración coronal de los cinco materiales de restauración temporal, según el tiempo de exposición en tinta (1 y 2 semanas). Conclusiones: El cemento experimental presentó menor microfiltración que el Coltosol® F y Ketac™ Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE); sin embargo, ninguno de los cuatro materiales fue capaz de prevenir la microfiltración en su totalidad(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronal microleakage caused by temporary restorative materials is viewed as one of the reasons for endodontic failure. Efforts have been made in recent years to create a temporary restorative material capable of preventing that problem. Objective: Compare in vitro coronal microleakage of an "experimental cement" and four temporary restorative materials used in endodontics. Methods: Class I cavities were made in 90 premolar teeth divided into 10 groups (n= 9) and evaluated at two time periods (1 and 2 weeks). The "experimental cement" was prepared and then coronal sealing of the teeth was performed with the experimental Cement, F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) and Coltosol® F. The pieces were submerged in India ink (Pelikan)for 1 and 2 weeks. Microleakage was evaluated on the interface dentin wall / temporary restoration using a stereo microscope (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ version 2.0.0). Measurement was made in millimeters using the software LAS EZ version 2.0.0. Results: Statistically significant differences were found (p < 0.05) when comparing coronal microleakage in the five temporary restorative materials according to exposure time in ink (1 and 2 weeks). Conclusions: The experimental cement had less microleakage than Coltosol® F and Ketac™ Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE). However, none of the four materials was capable of completely preventing microleakage(AU)

Pino de quartzo personalizado: descriçâo da técnica e protocolo de cimentação / Personalized quartz pin: description of technique and cementation protocol

O tratamento endodôntico frequentemente leva à perda de parte coronária de um elemento dentário, seja pelo enfraquecimento de sua estrutura, por lesões traumáticas ou por cárie. Desde que em condições favoráveis, esses dentes podem ser restaurados por meio de retenção adequada provida por meio de retentores intrarradiculares. Os pinos de quartzo utilizados como retentor intrarradicular surgiram com os avanços da odontologia adesiva, sendo uma opção relevante com inúmeras vantagens. A literatura odontológica aponta que a adaptação do pino às paredes do conduto radicular, somada a técnica de cimentação adesiva, são fatores essenciais para a longevidade do tratamento, sendo necessário em alguns casos sua personalização, para garantir melhor assentamento e promover prognóstico favorável. Objetivou-se neste artigo apresentar a técnica de preparo, personalização e cimentação do pino de quartzo na reconstrução de um dente tratado endodonticamente ilustrado por meio de caso clínico. Através de um protocolo ordenado e meticuloso da técnica de aplicação, foi possível alcançar o resultado desejado(AU)

Endodontic treatment often leads to loss of the coronary part of a tooth, either by weakening its structure, by traumatic lesions or by caries. Since under faborable conditions, these teetn can be restored by means of the biomechanical reinforcement promoted by the intraradicular retainers. The quartz posts have appeared with the advances of restorative dentistry, being a relevant option with numerous advantages. The dental literature indicates that the adaptation of the post to the root canal walls, together with the adhesive cementation technique, are essential factors for the longevity of the treatmet, being necessary in some cases its personalization, which guarantees its better settlement, avoiding the impression of undesirable forces to the tooth anf promoting better prognosis. The objective was to present the technique of preparation, personalization and cementation of the quartz post in the reconstruction of an endodontically treated tooth. Through an orderly and meticulous protocol of the application technique, it was possible to achieve the desired result(AU)

Knowledge and Awareness of Role of Endodontics in Forensic Odontology- A Questionnaire Based Survey among Postgraduate Students

The unique nature of human teeth has always been a special aid in personal identification throughout history.[1] Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry that deals with the application of dental knowledge to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by the investigative agencies in a criminal justice system.[2] Dental tissues are the strongest tissues in the human body and therefore their characteristics remain unchanged even in extreme environment and can survive long periods in conditions like burial under soil, fire and exposure to any biological agents in the environment.[3] Therefore, the importance of teeth in forensics is profoundly increasing. Endodontics in particular plays a pivotal role in forensic investigation by providing adequate knowledge of root canal anatomy, periapical radiographs, dental restorations, which favour comparison and personal identification of a deceased person.[1]We wanted to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of the role of endodontics in forensic odontology among postgraduate students enrolled in the specialty of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.METHODSA standardized web-based questionnaire survey was conducted in a group of post graduate students n=306 (endodontists) in which 20 questions related to the role of endodontics in forensic odontology were included. The responses were recorded, and the data was analyzed using statistical analysis. Based on the responses obtained, data was analysed, and the frequencies and percentages were calculated.RESULTSThe results of the present survey revealed that 6% of total participants had good awareness (>16 Qs), 62% of total participants showed moderate awareness (10-16 Qs) and 32% of total participants had poor awareness (<10 Qs)CONCLUSIONSThis survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness on practical usefulness of endodontics in forensic odontology. By considering the present expansion in field of forensic odontology, endodontists should be knowledgeable of the role and importance of their specialization in personal identification.

A comparative study of the biocompatibility of two root-end filling materials in rat connective tissue / Estudio comparativo de la biocompatibilidad de dos materiales de retro-obturación en tejido conectivo de rata

The aim of the present study was to examine the short-term biocompatibility of Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) paste and white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate MTA by implanting them into polyethylene tubes in the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats. twenty five male Wistar rats, 3-4 months old, weighing 300-350 g, were used. The tubes were implanted dorsally into the subcutaneous connective tissues of the rats. Five animals were sacrificed at five examination time points: 1, 3, 5, 7 and 15 days. The connective tissues containing the implants were excised. These sections were studied qualitatively and quantitatively using a light microscope. An average value for each group was obtained by averaging the sum of all inflammatory cells counted in 10 randomly selected, separate areas. For the ERRM group: There was a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells on days 1-3 and on days 5-7 (P ≤ 0.003 and P ≤ 0.024). In the WHITE MTA group, the mean values of the sum of the inflammatory cells during the periods 1-3 days and 5-7 days were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.044, respectively) and the XILOPERCHA group: Difference was observed significant in the value of the sum of inflammatory cells during the period of 3-5 days (P ≤ 0.05). According to the results it can be concluded that both, ERRM as MTA, caused an inflammatory reaction, which decreased over time; suggesting that both materials are biocompatible; showing however the presence of a higher organization of collagen fibers around the implants of ERRM.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la biocompatibilidad a corto plazo de Material de Reparación de la Raíz Endodóntica (MRRE) y el agregado de trióxido mineral (AgTM), implantándolos dentro de tubos de polietileno en el tejido conectivo subcutáneo de ratas. Se usaron 25 ratas Wistar macho, de 3-4 meses de edad, con peso de 300 a 350 g. Los tubos fueron implantados en el tejido conectivo subcutáneo del dorso de las ratas. Cinco animales fueron sacrificados en cada uno de los siguientes períodos de tiempo: 1, 3, 5, 7, y 15 días. El tejido conectivo con los implantes fue escindido y seccionado. Los cortes se evaluaron cualitativa y cuantitativamente mediante microscopio óptico. Se obtuvo un valor para cada grupo resultado al promediar la suma de las células inflamatorias contadas en 10 áreas separadas seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Para el grupo de MRRE; hubo un incremento significativo en la cantidad de células inflamatorias entre los días 1-3 y 5-7 (p ≤ 0,003 y p ≤ 0,024). En el grupo de AgTM blanco, los valores promedio de la suma de células inflamatorias entre los períodos 1-3 días, y 5-7 días mostraron ser estadísticamente significativos (p≤ 0,001 y p ≤ 0,044 respectivamente) y en el grupo control de Xilopercha se observó diferencia significativa entre los valores de la suma de células inflamatorias entre los períodos de 3-5 días (P ≤ 0,05). De acuerdo a los resultados, puede concluirse que ambos materiales, AgTM y MRRE causaron una reacción inflamatoria que disminuyó a través del tiempo, sugiriendo que ambos materiales son biocompatibles; mostrando sin embargo una mayor organización de fibras colágenas alrededor de los implantes de MRRE.

Marginal microleakage of glass ionomer cement with two different cavity conditioners on primary anterior teeth – An in vitro study

Background and Objective: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are the most commonly used restorative material in pediatric dentistry. They have numerous advantages; however, they show some marginal microleakage at the restoration–tooth interface. Various conditioning agents have been tested for alteration or dissolution of smear layer which has been attributed to the occurrence of microleakage; however, very limited studies have been done using primary teeth. Aims: To evaluate and compare the effect of 10% polyacrylic acid and 17% EDTA on marginal microleakage of high-viscosity GIC. Settings and Design: Experimental, in vitro study. Methodology: Class V cavities of standardized dimensions were prepared on 60 primary anterior teeth and were randomly divided into three groups. Except Group I, the cavities of Groups II and III were conditioned with 10% polyacrylic acid and 17% EDTA, respectively. All the 60 teeth were then restored with high-viscosity GIC. The samples were thermocycled and immersed in methylene blue solution for 24 h. The teeth were removed from the stain, rinsed, and sectioned buccolingually and were observed under stereomicroscope at 30× to score the marginal microleakage. Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney post hoc analysis were used to compare the mean marginal leakage scores between the three study groups. Results: Statistical significance difference was found between all the three groups (P < 0.05). The mean marginal microleakage score was maximum for Group I (control group; 3.00), whereas it was the least for Group II (1.30) where 10% polyacrylic was used for conditioning the cavity surface. Conclusion: Among the study groups, none of them was completely devoid of microleakage in all its samples. 10% polyacrylic acid emerged as a better conditioning agent when compared with 17% EDTA in altering or removing the smear layer thereby resulting in better adhesion.

Avaliação in vitro da influência de cimentos endodônticos na resistência de união sobre estrutura dentinária da câmara pulpar de dentes restaurados imediatamente e mediatamente após obturação / In vitro evaluation of the influence of endodontic cements on bond strength on the dentin structure of the pulp chamber of teeth restored immediately and immediately after filling

Este estudo teve por finalidade avaliar a influência dos cimentos endodônticos com um protocolo de irrigação na resistência de união sobre a estrutura dentinária das paredes da câmara pulpar de dentes bovinos restaurados imediatamente e após 7 dias do tratamento endodôntico. Foram avaliados os cimentos endodônticos: Cimento à base de resina epoxy (AH Plus ­ Dentsply, DeTrey, Konstanz- Alemanha) e Cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol (Endofill ­ Dentsply Ind.com. LTDA ­ Brasil). Para a realização das restaurações foi utilizado o sistema adesivo Single Bond 2® (3M/ESPE) e a resina composta Z 350TM (3M/ESPE). 60 faces vestibulares da câmara pulpar de dentes bovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos experimentais (G1-AHPlus Imediato; G2-AHPlus Mediato; G3-OZE Imediato; G4-OZE Mediato) e 2 controles (G5- NaOCl + EDTA Imediato e G6-NaOCl + EDTA Mediato). O protocolo de irrigação endodôntica deu-se através da imersão dos espécimes em solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2.5% por 30 minutos e em EDTA 17% por 3 minutos. Os cimentos testados estiveram em contato com a parede dentinária pelo tempo de presa inicial, seguido de limpeza com algodão embebido em álcool 70% por 1 minuto. Os grupos experimentais de restauração mediata foram mantidos em estufa a 37ºC por 7 dias. Após o corte e a obtenção dos palitos de +/-1,0 mm² foi aplicado o teste de microtração na Máquina de Ensaios Universal e, em seguida, observados em microscópio óptico para classificação da fratura. Os valores da resistência de união foram submetidos ao teste não-paramétrico Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney comparando dois a dois grupos a um nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo G5 obteve menor valor de resistência de união, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) para os demais. O padrão de fratura mais observado nos grupos foi a coesiva em camada híbrida. Conclui-se que a associação NaOCl + EDTA diminui a resistência de união nas restaurações imediatas e que os cimentos endodônticos não alteraram a resistência de união nos períodos testados (AU).

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of endodontic sealer with an irrigation protocol on the bond strength on the dentinal structure of the pulp chamber walls of bovine teeth restored immediately and after 7 days of endodontic treatment. Endodontic sealer were evaluated: epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus - Dentsply, DeTrey, Konstanz- Germany) and zinc oxide and eugenol sealer (Endofill - Dentsply Ind.com. LTDA - Brazil). To perform the restorations, the Single Bond 2® adhesive system (3M / ESPE) and the composite resin Z 350TM (3M / ESPE) were used. 60 vestibular faces of the pulp chamber of bovine teeth were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups (G1-AHPlus Immediate; G2-AHPlus Mediato; G3-OZE Immediate; G4-OZE Mediato) and 2 controls (G5- NaOCl + EDTA Immediate and G6- NaOCl + EDTA Mediato). The endodontic irrigation protocol was carried out by immersing the specimens in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes and in 17% EDTA for 3 minutes. The tested sealers were in contact with the dentin wall for the initial setting time, followed by cleaning with cotton soaked in 70% alcohol for 1 minute. The experimental groups of mediated restoration were kept in an oven at 37ºC for 7 days. After cutting and obtaining the +/- 1.0 mm² toothpicks, the microtensile test was applied to the Universal Testing Machine and then observed under an optical microscope to classify the fracture. The bond strength values were subjected to the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test comparing two to two groups at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the G5 group had a lower bond strength value, with a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) for the others. The most observed fracture pattern in the groups was cohesive in a hybrid layer. It is concluded that the association NaOCl + EDTA decreases the bond strength in immediate restorations and that endodontic sealer did not change the bond strength in the tested periods (AU).

Color Stability of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites after Immersion in Different Media / 대한소아치과학회지

The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites with respect to different storage media and thickness of composites.Filtek™ Z250 and Filtek™ Z350XT were evaluated as conventional resin composites. Filtek™ Bulk-fill Posterior Restorative and Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill were evaluated as bulk-fill resin composites.CIE L*a*b* values of baseline were measured after 24 hours of storage in distilled water, and each resin composite group was divided into three subgroups and stored in distilled water, red wine, and coffee media respectively. Again after 1, 7 and 28 days of immersion, color changes (ΔE*) were calculated using the CIE L*a*b* values.The greatest ΔE* was observed in red wine for all resin composites, and the mean color changes were ranked in the increasing order of distilled water, coffee, red wine. Filtek™ Z350XT exhibited the greatest color change in all media, followed by Filtek™ Bulk-fill Posterior Restorative. Filtek™ Z250 and Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill followed with similar mean color change values. According to the 2 different thicknesses of 2 mm and 4 mm of bulk-fill resin composites, there was no thickness-related difference on color changes.

Comparison of the Microleakage and Shear Bond Strength to Dentine of Different Tricalcium Silicate-based Pulp Capping Materials / 대한소아치과학회지

This study evaluated the microleakage of three restorative materials and three tricalcium silicate-based pulp capping agents. The restorative materials were composite resin (CR), resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement (RMGI), and traditional glass ionomer cement (GIC) and the pulp capping agents were TheraCal LC® (TLC), Biodentine® (BD), and ProRoot® white MTA (WMTA). Additionally, shear bond strengths between the pulp-capping agents and dentine were compared.Class V cavities were made in bovine incisors and classified into nine groups according to the type of pulp-capping agent and final restoration. After immersion in 0.5% fuchsin solution, each specimen was observed with a stereoscopic microscope to score microleakage level. The crowns of the bovine incisors were implanted into acrylic resin, cut horizontally, and divided into three groups. TLC, BD and WMTA blocks were applied on dentine, and the shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine.The microleakage was lowest in TLC + GIC, TLC + RMGI, TLC + CR, and BD + GIC groups and highest in WMTA + RMGI and WMTA + CR groups. The shear bond strength of BD group was the highest and that of WMTA group was significantly lower than the others.

The evaluation of the shear bond strength between various Hybrid CAD/CAM restorative materials and repairing composite resins / 대한치과재료학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths between various hybrid computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) restorative materials and repairing resin. Two resin network-based hybrid (Lava Ultimate and Polyglass), one ceramic framework-based hybrid (Enamic), and one zirconia (Zenotec Zr bridge) CAD/CAM restorative materials were used in this study. The shear bond strength test and failure modes of four experimental groups designated LUS (Lava Ultimate), ENA (Enamic), PGB (Polyglass), and ZBR (zirconia control group) were characterized in this study. The hybrid CAD/CAM restorative materials showed stronger shear bond strengths in the sequence of PGB, LUS, and ENA (P < 0.05). The shear bond strengths of PGB and LUS groups showed significantly higher than those of ZBR (P < 0.05), while ENA did not show any significant difference from ZBR (P < 0.05). The PEG and LUS groups mostly exhibited cohesive failure, but the ENA and ZBR groups predominantly showed adhesive failure. Therefore, resin network-based hybrid CAD/CAM restorative materials such as Lava Ultimate and Polyglass should be more useful for intra-oral repairs.

Surface changes of metal alloys and high-strength ceramics after ultrasonic scaling and intraoral polishing

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the effect of repeated ultrasonic scaling and surface polishing with intraoral polishing kits on the surface roughness of three different restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 15 identical discs were fabricated with three different materials. The ultrasonic scaling was conducted for 20 seconds on the test surfaces. Subsequently, a multi-step polishing with recommended intraoral polishing kit was performed for 30 seconds. The 3D profiler and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate surface integrity before scaling (pristine), after scaling, and after surface polishing for each material. Non-parametric Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests were employed to statistically evaluate surface roughness changes of the pristine, scaled, and polished specimens. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Surface roughness values before scaling (pristine), after scaling, and polishing of the metal alloys were 3.02±0.34 µm, 2.44±0.72 µm, and 3.49±0.72 µm, respectively. Surface roughness of lithium disilicate increased from 2.35±1.05 µm (pristine) to 28.54±9.64 µm (scaling), and further increased after polishing (56.66±9.12 µm, P<.05). The zirconia showed the most increase in roughness after scaling (from 1.65±0.42 µm to 101.37±18.75 µm), while its surface roughness decreased after polishing (29.57±18.86 µm, P<.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic scaling significantly changed the surface integrities of lithium disilicate and zirconia. Surface polishing with multi-step intraoral kit after repeated scaling was only effective for the zirconia, while it was not for lithium disilicate.

Effect Of Storage In Water On Solubility And Effect Of Thermocycling On Microhardness Of Four Different Temporary Restorative Materials.

Abstracts: Background: To compare the microhardness and solubility of temporary restorative materials after thermocycling. Objective is to evaluate and compare the solubility of temporary restorative materials after storage in water and to evaluate and compare micro hardness of temporary restorative materials after thermocycling. Methodology: Forty specimens will be prepared for the study. Specimens are prepared according to following four groups.(n=10). Group I – Cavit, Group II - MD Temp, Group III-Coltosol, Group IV – TMP- RS. All the temporary restorative material are manipulated according to manufacturer’s instructions in the stainless steel moulds. All the samples are measured by weight. They are stored in distilled water for 7 days and again they are measured by weight after 7 days. The change in weight is evaluated. All the samples are thermocycled at 4 & 56 degree celsius with a dwell time of 60 seconds for 100 times. After thermocycling micro hardness is calculated by Vickers hardness test of all samples. Results: The study gives highly significant result with p value less than 0.001 of both solubility and micro hardness difference as detailed below. The least solubility is with Cavit G with value 0.011 followed by Coltosol F (0.039), TMP-RS(0.054) and MD Temp(0.122). The least change in micro hardness is with Cavit-G(13.48) followed by Coltosol F(15.54), MD Temp(18.07) and TMP-RS(20.41). All values are compared using one way ANOVA (p<0.001 highly significant). Conclusion: Within the limitations of study, Cavit-G has least solubility after storage in water and highest microhardness after thermocycling among four different temporary restorative materials.

Effect of two different commonly available energy drinks on surface micro hardness of tooth color restorative materials

AIM: The objective of present study was to assess the effect of commonly used energy drinks on surface micro hardness of tooth color restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty discs of all material were prepared in polytetrafluoroethylene mold which was 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Two groups were made for each material containing 10 discs; G1/G2 (vitofil), G3/G4 (vitremere), G5/G6 (Filtek Z350). After 24 hours, the discs were polished. Group 1, group 3 and group 5 were immersed in red bull for 2 minutes during whole expereiment. Group 2, group 4 and group 6 were immersed in jolt cola for 2 minutes during whole expereiment. Microhardness test were performed in digital micro hardness tester before and after immersion at different time interval. The results were statistically analyzed with the help of two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement and Tukey's test. RESULTS: According to time interval for vitofil and vitremere there is insignificant difference between baseline and day 1 surface micro hardness values (p>0.001). Significant difference is seen between baseline micro hardness and day 7 day 14,day 30 (p<0.001). Inverse is true for Filtek Z350 there is significant difference between base line and day 1 micro hardness values(p<0.001). The difference between base line, day 7, day 14 and day 30 is insignificant (p>0.001). According to immersion media there is insignificant difference between both of them (p>0.001). CONCLUSION: The effect of energy drinks on the surface micro hardness of a restorative material depends on the duration of contact time and the material composition not on the type of drink.

Microstructural analysis of restorative materials submitted to acid exposure / Análise microestrutural de materiais restauradores submetidos à exposição ácida

The study aimed to evaluate, through surface roughness and microhardness tests, the amount of damage caused by hydrochloric acid to restorative materials. Five different materials were used: direct composite resin (Z 350), indirect composite resin (Resilab Master), conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (Vidrion R), resin modified GIC (Vitremer) and ceramic (Empress II). Twenty one specimens of each material were constructed and had their initial roughness and microhardness evaluated. Sixteen specimens of each material were immersed in a gastric fluid without enzymes simulating acid episodes. Other 5 specimens of each material were immersed in artificial saliva (control groups). After 7 days of immersion, the specimens had their surfaces evaluated again. Then, after another 21 days of immersion the specimens were submitted to a third mensuration. One specimen at each stage of the research was subjected to analysis in scanning electronic microscopy. The samples demonstrated changes in roughness and microhardness after the immersion of the restorative materials in the acid solution. The roughness results showed that for both glass ionomer cements, there was a significant difference between the first and last reading, with an increase in their roughness. In ceramic and direct resin materials, no significant difference among the periods was observed. Concerning to microhardness, the behavior of the materials showed a tendency towards decreasing hardness. The results showed the degradation of the restorative materials when exposed to acid episodes

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar por meio dos testes de rugosidade superficial e microdureza os danos causados pelo ácido clorídrico em materiais restauradores. Utilizaram-se 5 materiais: resina composta direta (Z 350), resina composta indireta (Resilab Master), cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) convencional (Vidrion R), CIV modificado por resina (Vitremer) e uma cerâmica (Empress II). Vinte e um corpos de prova (cdp) de cada material foram confeccionados e tiveram suas superfícies iniciais avaliadas em um rugosímetro e um microdurômetro. Em seguida 16 cdp de cada material foram imersos em um suco gástrico sem enzimas simulando episódios ácidos. Outros 5 cdp de cada material serviram como grupo controle e ficaram imersos em saliva artificial. Após 7 dias de imersão os cdp tiveram suas superfícies novamente avaliadas. Após a segunda leitura, foi realizada imersão por mais 21 dias, completando um mês de experimento, e os cdp foram submetidos à terceira leitura de suas superfícies. Além disso, 1 cdp em cada fase da pesquisa foi submetido a uma análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) apenas como efeito ilustrativo. Amostras demonstraram alterações de rugosidade e microdureza diante da imersão de materiais restauradores em ácido. Os resultados de rugosidade mostraram que tanto para o ionômero convencional quanto para o modificado por resina houve uma diferença significante entre a primeira e a última leitura, havendo um aumento na rugosidade. Já para a cerâmica e a resina direta, não houve alteração significativa entre os períodos. O comportamento dos materiais mostrou uma tendência de diminuição da microdureza. Conclui-se que existe uma deterioração dos materiais restauradores frente a episódios ácidos

Assessment of microleakage of few restorative materials after erosion by acidic solution

Some restorative materials are susceptible to erosion but whether it also causes microleakage is still questionable. The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage of few restorative materials after immersion in acidic solution. Standardized ‘U’ shaped cavity of 4mm diameter and 2mm depth were prepared on buccal or lingual surface of 52 human premolar and molar teeth. The teeth were divided into 4 groups which contains 13 samples and 3 controls for each and were restored either with Filtek Z250 (Group 1), Fuji IX (Group 2), Fuji II LC (Group 3), or Silverfill amalgam (Group 4). All surfaces were painted with nail varnish leaving only 2mm of tooth structure surrounding the restoration before the study samples were immersed in acidic solution, lemon juice (pH 2.74) and control samples in deionised distilled water for 24 hours. Surface photos for erosion were taken before immersion in methylene blue for 7 days. After sectioning, the assessment of dye penetration was done using Leica Imaging System DMLM (Germany). Photos showed that Fuji IX demonstrated severe erosion but no obvious changes were seen on other materials. Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that microleakage between all four groups were statistically significant. The most significant difference was between Filtek Z250 and Fuji IX (p<0.05). Fuji IX was the most affected by the erosion process and its degree of microleakage was the most among all the materials tested.

Fluoride release frompolyacid modified composites (compomers) in artificial saliva and lactic acid / Liberação de flúor por compósitos poliácidos modificados (compômeros) em saliva artifical e ácido lático

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different extraction media and time on the amount and pattern of fluoride release from compomers. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 42 specimens (n = 7 per group) in disc forms (7 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) from three different compomers (were placed in artificial saliva (pH = 7.0) and lactic acid (pH = 5.2). The amount of the fluoride in these solutions were measured at 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th day time intervals by means of the fluoride ion selective electrode. The fluoride amount was calculated by concentration (ppm). The amount and the pattern of fluoride release was dependent on both the material, the storage medium and time. RESULTS: Fluoride release was evident for all the compomers but the rate of release varied considerably between the materials. Significant differences were also found between the different types of compomer (p < 0.01). A time dependent increase in the fluoride content was observed for all the compomers in both media. For all the tested materials, the fluoride release was higher in the lactic acid (p < 0.01). The amount of fluoride release was the most from Compoglass followed by Dyract AP and Glasiosite at 28th days, in both artificial saliva and lactic acid respectively. The least amount of fluoride release was observed at the first day.

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito de diferentes meios e tempo na quantidade e padrão de liberação de flúor por compômeros. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 42 espécimes (n = 7 por grupo) em discos (7 mm de diâmetro, 2 mm de espessura), três compômeros diferentes, foram colocados em saliva artificial (pH 7,0) e ácido lático (pH 5,2). A quantidade de flúor nas soluções foram medidas a intervalos semanais, do 1º ao 28º dias (quatro semanas) por meio de eletrodos seletivos para íons flúor. A quantidade de flúor foi calculdada por concentração(ppm). A quantidade e o padrão da liberação de flúor variou consideravelmente tanto do material, do meio de armazenamento e tempo. RESULTADOS: A liberação de flúor foi evidente por todos os compômeros, mas a taxa de liberação variou consideravelmente entre os diferentes tipos de compômeros (p < 0.01). Um aumento relacionado com o tempo no conteúdo de flúor foi observado para todos os compômeros em ambos os meios. Para todos os materiais testados, a liberação de flúor foi maior no ácido lático (p < 0.01). A quantidade de liberação de flúor foi maior pelo Compoglass®, seguido pelo Duract AP® e Glasiosite® aos 28 dias, tanto na saliva artificial como no ácido lático respectivamente. A menor liberação de flúor foi observada no primeiro dia.

Effect of surface treatment with remineralizing on the color stability and roughness of esthetic restorative materials / Efeito do tratamento de superfície na estabilidade de cor e aspereza em materiais restauradores estéticos

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro effect of fluoride varnish, APF gel and MI paste on the color stability and surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 disks of each conventional glass ionomer and resin composite were made using molds of 1.2 cm x 2 mm. All the specimens were suspended in artificial saliva for 48 hours at 37ºC. Subsequently, fluoride varnish, APF gel, and MI paste were applied to all the subgroups except the controls. All the specimens were again suspended in artificial saliva and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. After incubation, they were cleaned using a toothbrush and toothpaste, and stored in the artificial saliva for 1 week. During this period, the specimens were subjected to color and surface roughness measurement. RESULTS: Measurements were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and compared between two groups by Student’s t test. One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparison and Tukey’s test for pair wise comparison. CONCLUSION: The deterioration of GIC material was more rapid compared to composites when fluoride varnish, APF gels and GC Tooth Mousse were applied. The use of remineralizing agents on esthetic restorative materials causes changes in color and surface texture.

OBJETIVOS: A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o efeito in vitro do verniz com flúor, do gel APF e da pasta MI na estabilidade de cor e aspereza de superfícies de materiais restauradores estéticos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 60 discos de cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional e 60 de resina composta foram produzidos usando moldes de 1,2 cm x 2 mm. Todos os corpos de prova foram mantidos em saliva artificial por 48 horas a 37oC. Em seguida, verniz fluorado, gel APF e pasta MI foram aplicados a todos os subgrupos, com exceção do grupo controle. Todos os corpos de prova foram novamente imergidos em saliva artificial e incubados a 37oC por 24 horas. Após a incubação, eles foram limpos utilizando escova de dentes e pasta, sendo mantidos em saliva artificial por uma semana. Durante esse período, os corpos foram submetidos a medições de coloração e de aspereza de superfície. RESULTADOS: As medidas foram expressas como medianas +- de desvio-padrão e comparadas entre dois grupos pelo teste t de Student. ANOVA foi usada para comparação entre grupos e o teste de Tukey foi utilizado para comparações por pares. CONCLUSÃO: A deterioração do ionômero de vidro foi mais rápida quando comparada com os compósitos pela aplicação de verniz com flúor, gel APF e pasta GC dental. O uso de agentes remineralizantes nas restaurações estéticas pode causar alterações de cor e textura de superfície.